电气火灾监控系统组成
Composition of electric fire monitoring system
根据国家标准GB14287-2005《电气火灾监控系统》以及相关规范《电气火灾监控系统的设计方法》(暂行规定)，则电气火灾监控系统的基本组成应包括：电气火灾监控设备、剩余电流式电气火灾监控探测器以及测温式电气火灾监控探测器等三个最基本产品种类所组成。
According to the national standard GB14287-2005 electric fire monitoring system and the design method of the electric fire monitoring system (temporary regulations), the basic components of the electric fire monitoring system should include the electric fire monitoring equipment, the residual current type electric fire monitoring detector and the thermometer electric fire monitoring and control probe. The measuring device is composed of three basic products.
1、 剩余电流式电气火灾监控探测器又由监控探测器和剩余电流互感器(分对插式、闭合式两种)所组成；测温式电气火灾监控探测器由监控探测器和测温传感器所组成。
1. The residual current type electric fire monitoring detector is composed of monitoring detector and residual current transformer (divided into two kinds of plug type and closed type), and the thermometer type electric fire monitoring detector is composed of monitoring detector and temperature sensor.
2、 剩余电流式电气火灾监控系统采用分层分布式结构，由站控管理层、网络通讯层和现场设备层组成。系统拓扑图如左图所示：各电气火灾监控探测器通过屏蔽双绞线RS485接口，采用MODBUS通讯协议总线型连接接入通讯服务器，然后通过五类线TCP/TP协议进入工业交换机，然后通过光缆到达监控主机。
2, the residual current type electric fire monitoring system adopts a hierarchical and distributed structure, which consists of station control management layer, network communication layer and field equipment layer. The system topology diagram, as shown on the left chart: the electric fire monitoring detectors can access the communication server by shielding the twisted pair RS485 interface, using the MODBUS communication protocol bus connection, and then enter the industrial switch through the five class line TCP/TP protocol, and then reach the monitoring host through the optical cable.
a）现场设备层主要是连接网络中用于电参量采集测量的各类型的仪表和保护装置等，也是构建该监控系统必要的基本组成元素。不仅肩负着采集数据的重任，同时也是执行后台控制命令的终端元件。
A) the field equipment layer is mainly the various types of instruments and protection devices used to connect the electrical parameter acquisition and measurement in the network. It is also the essential component of the construction of the monitoring system. Not only shouldering the responsibility of collecting data, but also a terminal element for executing background control commands.
b）通讯控制层主要是由通讯服务器、接口转换器件及总线网络等组成。该层是数据信息交换的桥梁，不同的接口转换器件提供了RS232、RS422、RS485、SPABUS等及以太网等各种接口，组网方式灵活，支持点对点的通讯、现场总线网络、以太网等类型的组态网络。通讯服务器主要用于直接对现场仪器仪表转达上位机的各种控制命令，并负责对现场仪器仪表回送的数据信息进行采集、分类和存储等工作，如电压/电流等电参量、输入开关量状态、修改仪表内部参数或各种控制继电器断开/闭合的操作命令等；微机保护装置主要是为保证上位机的正常工作，避免网络中不稳定信号对其造成的干扰或破坏；接口转换器件则是由于现场仪表或其它系列的装置与上位机的通讯接口存在差异，需要进行转换方可进行数据交换。
B) communication control layer mainly consists of communication server, interface converter and bus network. This layer is a bridge of data information exchange. Different interface converters provide various interfaces such as RS232, RS422, RS485, SPABUS and Ethernet, and are flexible in networking, support point to point communication, field bus network, Ethernet and other types of configuration networks. The communication server is mainly used to direct various control commands to the host computer directly to the field instrument, and is responsible for collecting, classifying and storing data information of the field instrument and instrument return, such as voltage / current and other electrical parameters, input switch quantity state, modifying internal parameters of instrument or all kinds of control relays to disconnect / close. The microcomputer protection device is mainly to ensure the normal work of the upper computer and avoid the interference or damage caused by the unstable signal in the network. The interface converter is due to the difference in the communication interface between the field instrument or other series of devices and the upper computer, and the conversion side is required to carry out the data interchange. Change.